兰州地区大气环境研究的回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect for the Studies of Atmospheric Environment in the Lanzhou Area

兰州市是我国建国后首批重点建设的工业城市之一，兰州西固区又是我国最早建成的一个重要石油化工基地．工业污染源、生活污染源排放量大，加之该市所处的特殊地理位置、地形条件和气象条件，使之成为国内外空气污染最严重的城市之一．因此，近 ２０ 多年来，我们就兰州市的大气环境问题开展了一系列广泛而又深入的研究工作．揭示了西固地区光化学烟雾污染的时空变化规律及其成因；提出了有效的防治对策；指出了兰州市区河谷盆地内大气边界层和大气扩散及城市气溶胶的基本特征及其相互作用以及与平原城市的某些差异；建立了城市边界层气溶胶辐射性质的参数化方案．通过对城市空气污染预报理论和方法以及污染治理方案的研究，为该市空气污染预报业务系统的建立奠定了基础，也为兰州市大气污染综合治理方案的制定提供了重要的科学依据．同时为今后的深入研究，特别是应用卫星遥感资料反演城市气溶胶的研究提出了新思路．这些重要的研究成果，进一步丰富和发展了复杂地形上大气边界层和大气扩散的理论。

Lanzhou is one of the major industrial cities which were first emphatically constructed after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the Xigu District of Lanzhou City is an important petrochemical base. Its quantities of industrial and life pollution sources as well as its special geographical position and topographical and meteorological conditions make it one of the most seriously air polluted cities in the world. Therefore, a great number of widespread and profound researches on atmospheric environment of Lanzhou area have been done in the latest 20 years. The changing regularity of photochemical smog with time and space in the Xigu District and its formative causes have been shown. Some effective projects of preventing and controlling air pollution have been raised. In this paper we have also pointed out basic characters of atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric diffusion and urban aerosol as well as the interactions among them in the river valley basin of Lanzhou City, and some differences between it and other plain cities. We have put up the parameterized method of radiative character of aerosol in the urban atmospheric boundary layer. From the researches on the theory and method of air pollution prediction and the scheme of preventing and controlling air pollution, we have not only laid a foundation of setting up the air pollution predicting vocational system in Lanzhou City, but also provided an important scientific basis for working out the synthetic scheme of preventing and controlling air pollution in Lanzhou .At the same time , we have put forward new thinkings for going into further studies, especially for deducing urban aerosol by using satellite data. All these research achievements have enriched and developed the theory of atmospheric boundary layer and atmospheric diffusion over the complicated topography. They have provided effective references for the prediction of air pollution in other river valley cities and for the adoption of measures for its prevention and control as well.