商鞅变法的“战时法治”特征及其启示

The Feature of Wartime Legal System of Shang Yang's' Reform and its Enlightenment

商鞅变法出现于战国的特殊历史背景下,具有明显的"战时法治"特征,这一特征体现在三个方面:农战思想;重刑主义;文化专制。通过对法治标准的要素化与法治类型的多样化分析,可以明确从商鞅变法之后到秦朝灭亡之前是一个君主专制的战时法治时期,对秦亡之训也应有一个新的认识:其罪不在法治,罪在当政者不仅没有及时将"战时法治"转变为"平时法治",反将其推向了极致。这给我们一个重要启示:法治不是永恒不变的,而是应当随着时代的变化进行相应的调整。

Against the special historical background in the Warring States period, Shang Yang＇s＇reform came up and had a clear feature of wartime legal system, which included three aspects： the thought of agriculture and war, the doctrine of severe punishment and cultural autocracy. By analyzing elements of standard legal system and types of legal systems, this paper points clearly out that the period from Shang Yang＇ s＇reform to the fall of the Qing Dynasty was a one of wartime legal system with an absolute monarchy. At the same time, it also gives a new explanation of the fall of the Qing Dynasty： instead of legal system, the reason of the destruction of the Qing Dynasty is that those in power didn＇t change wartime legal system into normal legal system rather than drove wartime legal system to extreme. These give us an important inspiration, that is, legal system is not immutable, but should change with the times and make the appropriate changes.