上博楚简《凡物流形》的鬼神观探究

An Exploration of the Notion of Guisheng(ghosts & spirits) in Fan wu liu xing on the Bamboo Slips in Shanghai Museum

《凡物流形》中对鬼神的追问是比较独特的一处,其间的一些说法与通常讨论的先秦诸子的鬼神观有所不同,向我们展现了一个较新的鬼神世界。作者对鬼的态度是虽不否认但颇有疑问,他追问鬼的能力来源与范围,质问如何与鬼进行沟通,反思祭祀行为的意义所在,这种态度可谓是一种相对的"有鬼论"。

Questions about guisheng （ ghosts and spirits） is a peculiar part in Fan wu liu xing, within which some views differ from the notion of guisheng of the variety of schools in the pre-Qin period and exhibit a novel ghost-spirit world to us. Though the author of Fan wu liu xing did not deny the existence of ghosts, he leaked out his doubts and questioned the sources of the ghosts＇ capability and sphere of activities, inquired how to communicate with ghosts, and re-thought the meanings of sacrifices offering. This attitude can be called a view comparatively believing the existence of ghosts.