论园林景观规划的主题与文化

Discussion on the Theme and Culture in Landscape Planning

在论述主题与文化对于园林景观规划重要意义基础上,剖析了古今中外园林景观规划中主题与文化的表现方法,结合园林景观实际案例,指出了当今园林景观规划中主题与文化的有关问题。认为现代园林景观规划对于主题与文化的表达应该遵循以下3条原则:一是人性化,二是多样化,三是富于自然精神。规划设计者应该做到下列三个方面,才有可能创作出优秀的作品:(1)依据特定的自然条件及其内在联系与营造园林景观的目的有机结合,达到和谐统一;(2)根据园林的不同类型、不同的服务对象,把握各种类型的园林功能要求上的特殊性,使主题与文化与功能要求相一致;(3)在园林景观规划过程中从整体到局部,围绕主题进行巧妙的布置安排,鲜明地反映出主题。研究指出了造就优秀园林景观作品的必要条件是具备突出的主题和深刻的文化内涵,只有将园林景观所体现的文化与社会对园林文化的普遍需求相结合,并被大众欣赏与接受,园林景观作品才被时代认可和传承。

On the basis of discussing the significance of the theme and culture of landscape planning,the representation methods of the theme and culture in landscape planning were analyzed at all times and in all lands.Examplified by practical cases of the landscape planning,the related problems of the theme and culture in landscape planning nowadays were pointed out.The expression of the theme and culture in modern landscape planning should follow three principles： humanity,diversity and imbued with natural spirit.Planning designers can only create excellent works when if the following three aspects are fully understood：（1） specific natural conditions and its internal relations with the purposes of building the landscape should be harmoniously integrated;（2） particularities in demands of functional requirements should be gripped based on different landscape types and service objects to consist the theme with culture and function;（3） the ingenious layouts and arrangements should be considered,and the theme brightly from the whole to the local centering on the theme in the process of the landscape planning should be reflected.It was pointed out that the necessary conditions of bringing up excellent landscape works were to outstand the theme and profound cultural connotations.Only when we combine the cultures of the landscape and the general requirements of the society to the landscape and the landscape works are appreciated and received,can they be approved and inherited by the times.