碳纳米管在双基推进剂中的分散技术

Dispersing technology of carbon nanotubes in double base propellant

为了改善双基推进剂的综合性能,拟将碳纳米管(CNTs)引入到双基药体系中,而其分散的均匀性可能影响添加效果,因此针对CNTs的分散方法进行了研究。首先将提纯处理后的CNTs经过高剪切力机械分散和超声波分散方法在溶剂中预分散,然后按0.25%～4%的添加量采用微胶囊分散工艺和溶剂法捏合工艺将CNTs分散到双基推进剂基体中,最后采用压延工艺将药团或药粒进行成型加工,分别用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了CNTs在双基推进剂基体中的分散状态。结果表明,采用高剪切力机械分散和超声波分散均有利于CNTs在溶剂中的预分散;采用微胶囊工艺可将CNTs团块在双基推进剂中分散到1μm以下,分散效果明显优于捏合工艺;经过压延成型CNTs达到完全分散的效果。

In order to improve the performance of double base propellant,CNTs were imported into it.The different dispersion methods of carbon nanotubes（CNTs） in propellant matrix were studied for the dispersion uniformity can influence its effects.First,the CNTs after purified through boiling in nitric acid was per-dispersed in ethyl acetate by high-shear mechanical and ultrasonic me thods.Then,double base propellant composites filled with CNTs were prepared by kneading mixing and micro-capsule process.The quantity of CNTs in composite is 0.25%~4%.At last,the composite was formed using pressing machine,and the dispersion state of CNTs was studied by optic microscope and SEM.Results show that the process of shearing and ultrasonic processes can improve the dispersion of CNTs in solvent.The dispersion of CNTs by micro-capsule process is better than kneading mixing process,and the conglomeration can be control in 1 μm.After the pressing process,the CNTs can be uniform-dispersed completely.