乌冈栎的地理分布

Geographical Distribution of Quercus Phillyraeoides A. Gray

利用植物地理学分布区理论与地理信息系统技术,整合相关标本信息和文献,对乌冈栎地理分布区进行研究。结果表明:1)乌冈栎水平地理分布以亚热带为主,水平分布范围在中国(23°―34°N,100°―120°E)和日本(26°―37°N,128°―140°E);垂直分布大多在海拔500m以上,少数地区可降至海拔200m,日本分布区海拔要低于中国。2)乌冈栎现代分布区可分为中国东部分布区、中国南部分布区、中国西部分布区、中国西南部分布区和日本分布区,而中国东部分布区是目前的分布中心。3)利用壳斗科化石资料,对乌冈栎起源演化及散布途径作了推断,对其起源时间、传播路线等进行了讨论。4)第三纪及第四纪气候的演变对乌冈栎现代地理分布格局有着重大影响,为适应气候变化,其形态特征与常绿硬叶栎类中的高山栎类植物有一定差别,并逐渐退出了高山分布的地理位置。乌冈栎是否传统观点认为的冬青栎东亚替代种还有待于进一步商榷。

With the distribution theory of Phytogeography and the technology of geographical information system, by utilizing the specimen information and literatures, the distribution of Quercus phillyraeoides A Gray is discussed. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） the horizontal distribution of Q. phillyraeoides is mainly in subtropics of East Asia including China and Japan, and the locations are 23°~34°N,100°~120°E and 26°~37°N,128°~140°E respectively; the elevation of vertical distribution of Q. phillyraeoides is more than 500 meters, but in some places it can be lower to 200 meters, and the distribution elevation in China is higher than that in Japan. 2） The contemporaneity distribution of Q. phillyraeoides can be divided into five parts, which are East China, South China, West China, Southwest China and Japan, and the distribution center is in East China. 3） its origin, evolution, and the distribution way are presumed by the fossil of Fagaceae and Quercus, and the orginal time, dissemination lines are also discussed. 4） climate evolution of Tertiary and Quaternary had significant impact on the contemporaneity distribution pattern of Q. phillyraeoides. To fit the new environment, the phenotype of Q. phillyraeoides was something different from that of Sect. Brachylepides, and it gradually withdrew from the place of alpine. Whether Q. phillyraeoides is the equivalent species of Quercus ilex, that is still under discussion.