人工授粉与自然授粉对火龙果果实发育和产量的影响

Effect of artificial pollination and natural pollination on development and production of pitaya

以红肉火龙果为试材,进行人工异花、人工自花和自然授粉3种授粉处理比较试验,研究3种不同授粉处理对果实发育和产量的影响。结果表明,红肉火龙果平均落蕾率为61.9%;人工异花授粉、人工自花授粉座果率果显著高于自然授粉;人工异花授粉、人工自花授粉果实体积增长速度远大于同期自然授粉果实;人工异花授粉、人工自花授粉商品果率、单果重等均高于自然授粉;人工异花授粉、人工自花授粉比自然授粉每667 m2增产787.6～1 381.6 kg、增值2 775.6～6 132.6元,产投比为1.42～2.84∶1。火龙果采用人工授粉,尤其是人工异花授粉,可显著提高红肉火龙果座果率,提高单果重、商品果率和产量,增加经济效益。

To study effects of different pollination treatment on fruit development and yield of pitaya（Hylocereus undatus BrittRose）,artificial cross pollination and artificial self-pollination as well as natural pollination were treated to flowers.Results suggesting that the average percentage of flower buds dropping accounts to 61.9%.The fruit set percentage of artificial cross pollination and artificial self-pollination treatment was higher than natural pollination treatments significantly.The growing speed of fruit volume and percentage of commercial fruit as well as average single fruit weight on artificial cross pollination and artificial self-pollination treatment is higher than natural pollination treatments apparently.Yield（per 667 m2）of artificial cross pollination and artificial self-pollination treatments was 787.6～1381.6 kg higher than natural pollination treatments while output value has a increment of 2775.6～6132.6 yuan（RMB）.The input–output ratio of artificial pollination was 1.42～2.84∶1.Artificial pollination especially artificial cross pollination not only makes higher fruit set percentage but also makes better average single fruit weight,percentage of commercial fruit and yield as well as economic benefits.