经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨并植钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

TREATMENT OF THORACOLUMBAR FRACTURES WITH TRANSPEDICULAR INTERVERTEBRAL BONE GRAFT AND PEDICLE SCREWS FIXATION IN INJURED VERTEBRAE

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨并植钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年2月-2009年1月,对25例胸腰椎椎体骨折行椎弓根螺钉内固定、经伤椎一侧椎弓根进行椎体内植骨并行伤椎植钉治疗。其中男18例,女7例;年龄28～63岁,平均46岁。损伤椎体:T10 1例,T11 2例,T12 8例,L1 6例,L2 6例,L3 1例,L4 1例。骨折根据Denis分类:爆裂型骨折14例,屈曲压缩型骨折11例。按Frankel神经功能分级:A级2例,B级4例,C级8例,D级7例,E级4例。受伤至手术时间为6 h～7 d,平均4.6 d。手术前后摄X线片测量骨折椎体相对高度及Cobb角恢复情况,通过Frankel神经功能分级评价脊髓功能改善情况。结果患者均顺利完成手术,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。25例均获随访,随访时间12～25个月,平均16个月。术后1年CT及X线片示伤椎椎体内植骨融合良好,骨折均愈合,无螺钉松动、断钉、断棒现象。术前、术后即刻和术后1年骨折椎体相对高度分别为56.8%±15.6%、91.2%±10.7%和89.6%±10.3%,术后即刻及术后1年骨折椎体相对高度较术前恢复明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后1年与术后即刻比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前、术后即刻和术后1年Cobb角分别为(18.2±2.6)、(7.5±1.4)、(8.7±1.1)°,术后即刻及术后1年与术前比较恢复明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后1年与术后即刻比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年Frankel神经功能分级,16例有1～3级改善。结论经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨并植钉治疗胸腰椎骨折临床疗效满意,重建了椎体高度,增加了脊柱前中柱的稳定性,具有防止术后椎体高度丢失、减少内固定物松动、断裂等优点。

Objective To study the effectiveness of transpedicular intervertebral bone graft and pedicle screws fixation in injured vertebrae for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Between February 2007 and January 2009, 25 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were treated by posterior short-segment fixation combined with transpedicular intervertabral bone graft and pedicle screw fixation in injured vertebrae. There were 18 males and 7 females with a mean age of 46 years （range, 28-63 years）. The injured vertebrae were located at T10 in 1 case, T11 in 2 cases, T12 in 8 cases, L1 in 6 cases, L2 in 6 cases, L3 in 1 case, and L4 in 1 case. According to Denis classification, there were 14 cases of burst fractures and 11 cases of compression fractures. Based on Frankel classifications, 2 cases were rated as grade A, 4 cases as grade B, 8 cases as grade C, 7 cases as grade D, and 4 cases as grade E. The time between injury and operation was 6 hours to 7 days （mean, 4.6 days）. The X-ray film was taken to measure the relative height of fractured vertebrae and Cobb angle, and Frankel classification was conducted to evaluate the function recovery of the spinal cord. Results The operations were performed successfully, and incisions healed primarily. All the patients were followed up 12-25 months （mean, 16 months）. CT and X-ray films showed good bone graft healing and no loosening or breakage of screws and rods. The relative height of fractured vertebrae were 56.8% ±15.6% at preoperation, 91.2%±10.7% immediately after operation, and 89.6%±10.3% at 1 year after operation, showing significant differences between preoperation and postoperation （P 〈 0.01）, while no significant difference between immediately after operation and 1 year after operation. The Cobb angles were （18.2±2.6）, （7.5±1.4）, and （8.7±1.1）°, respectively, showing significant differences between preoperation and postoperation （P 〈 0.01）, while no significant difference between immediately and 1 year after operation. At 1 year after operation, the neural function in 16 cases was improved 1-3 grades. Conclusion Treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with transpedicular intervertebral bone graft and pedicle screw fixation in injured vertebrae has satisfactory effectiveness, which can reconstruct vertebral body height, increase the stabil ity of anterior and middle column of the injured vertebrae, and prevent height loss of the injured vertebrae and loosening of instrumentation.