控释配方肥中不同控释养分比例对香蕉产量的影响

Effect of the ratio of controlled release nutrients in blending controlled release fertilizers on yield of banana

【目的】建立香蕉系列控释配方肥的产量效应方程,确定适于香蕉生长发育的控释氮、磷、钾比例,为香蕉产业提供高效、简便的肥料和施肥技术。【方法】采用大田试验及三元二次回归设计,以不施肥和常规施肥(追肥16次)为对照,研究系列控释配方肥(追肥4次)中控释氮、磷、钾比例对香蕉产量的影响,建立适于香蕉生长的最佳控释配方肥方案。【结果】控释氮、钾比例高的控释配方肥较常规施肥增产显著,其中以控释氮比例为46.5%,控释磷比例为3.5%,控释钾比例为18.2%处理的产量最高(30.44 kg/株),增产率达22.65%;系列控释配方肥中,控释氮、钾比例显著影响香蕉产量,而控释磷比例对香蕉产量影响不显著;控释配方肥能够解决香蕉常规施肥后期脱肥问题,且在明显减少施肥次数的条件下能提高香蕉产量。【结论】适于香蕉生长的最佳控释配方肥方案是:控释氮占总氮的33.6%、控释钾占总钾的11.0%,控释磷占总磷的0%,此时香蕉产量为26.6 kg/株。

【Objective】 The regression equation of blending controlled release fertilizer for banana was established to determine the optimal percentage of controlled-N,-P and-K in the total nutrient amounts,and thus to provide an efficient-convenient fertilizer source and fertilization technology for banana production.【Method】 Ternary quadratic regression design and field trials were used to study the effect of ratio of controlled nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in blending controlled-release fertilizers（BCRF） on yield of banana to determine the rational formula of the BCRF,compared with no fertilizer and conventional fertilizer.【Result】 Compared with total water soluble compound fertilizers,high N and K contained blending controlled release fertilizers（T3 treatment）,that is,the fertilizer contained 46.5% controlled-N,3.5% controlled-P and 18.2% controlled-K over the total N,P or K.The production of the T3 was 30.44 kg/plant and the yield increased by 22.65%.Of the compound fertilizers,the ratio of controlled-N and-K significantly affected the banana yield whereas the ratio of controlled-P didn’t.Blending controlled release N and K fertilizer cooperated with water soluble fertilizers could prevent the N and K deficiency during the latter stage of banana growth compared with the treatment with only water soluble compound fertilizers.Application of controlled release blending fertilizer（BCRF） could enhance yields significantly.【Conclusion】 Controlled-N and controlled-K had great impact on banana yield,despite the little effect of controlled-P.The controlled-N,controlled-P and controlled-K content for the optimal yield were 33.6%,0% and 11.0% over the total N,P and K in the BCRF espectively.