中国城乡收入差距影响因素实证分析——基于收入来源视角

The Study of Reason for Urban-rural Income Gap in China:Based on the Angel of Income Sources

中国城乡收入差距在1978～2010年总体呈上升趋势,收入来源分解显示工资性收入对城乡收入差距的贡献度最高,经营性收入和转移性收入的贡献度呈现此消彼长的趋势。计量模型显示总体受教育水平的提高导致工资性收入差距缩小,但城乡教育发展不平衡使经营性收入差距扩大,促进城市化进程不会缩短工资性收入差距,城乡金融发展差异的扩大进一步扩大了经营性和转移性收入差距。缩小城乡收入差距的主要措施包括提高教育水平,实现城乡教育公平、城乡金融均衡发展和均衡城市化进程。

In 1978 -2010 China＇ s urban- rural income gap is in upward trend in overall. The results of decomposition of income sources shows the contribution of wage income is the highest and the contribution of operating income and transfer income have showed the shift in the trend. By constructing the econometric model the results showed that the overall increase in education levels leads to narrow wage income gap. However, uneven development of urban and rural education leads to wide the operating income gap. The urbanization expand the gap between wage income. The expansion of degree of financial development between urban and rural areas further leads to wide the operating income and transfer income gap. Generally, implementation of the urban and rural education equity, balanced development of Urban and rural finance and accelerate the urbanization process is necessary policy option.