递增阶梯定价：一个综述

Increasing Block Pricing:A Survey

作为较独特的非线性定价,递增阶梯定价使消费者预算凸边界非光滑,进而导致某些消费者消费决策异度集中而难以甄别。此特征致使递增阶梯定价机制的理论和实证研究非常复杂。鉴于公共资源的特殊性,公共资源定价需要合理地兼顾效率、社会公正和成本完全补偿原则。在多元化目标角度上,本文初步验证了递增阶梯定价机制的最优性,虽然此最优性受制于接入率和特征信息等假定。递增阶梯定价下的需求设定趋于统一但估计方法却趋于复杂化和多样化。关于递增阶梯定价下的(价格和收入)需求效应明显与否的问题存在完全相反的结果,实证研究和理论对其不一致性给出多种解释和探讨。这种差异性可能由于消费者对价格、价格设计者对家庭特征等信息不完全,还可能因为各实证分析结果中的时间、市场或产品特征维度含义差异所致。基于多元化目标和资源特性的递增阶梯定价机制的设计和执行问题,将成为递增阶梯定价理论研究发展的一大方向。

As a particular nonlinear pricing,the use of increasing block pricing（IBP） makes the convex budget frontier non - smooth, leading to unease in fully screening consumers with centralized consumption decisions. This results in difficulty in designing IBP mechanism and analyzing IBP＇ s demand effect. In view of features of public resources,it is vital in public resources pricing to tradeoff between efficiency,social justice and full cost coverage. In terms of aims ＇ diversification, the optimality of IBP briefly has been investigated,yet confined to metering,relevant informational asymmetries. The specification and estimation of demand under certain IBP become integrated and complicated respectively. There exist two contradictory viewpoints about whether IBP＇ s demand effect is apparent or not. Corresponding interpretations and arguments from theoretical and positive perspectives are given. Perhaps, it is due to either the asymmetric information of consumers on the existing schedules, or of regulator on consumers＇ characteristics, or the different implications of time - , demand - or （/and） product - dimensions in IBP econometric literature. Conclusions are made and some directions are pointed out at last.