围绝经期妇女抑郁症状影响因素调查

Investigation on the effect factors of depression symptom among perimenopausal women

目的:探讨上海市部分城区围绝经期妇女抑郁症状发生现状、影响因素及其心理保健需求。方法:采用一般情况调查表、改良更年期Kupperman评分量表、社会支持评定量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、围绝经期妇女心理卫生保健态度及需求调查表,于2010年12月～2011年2月在上海某社区内对935名参加普查的45～59岁妇女进行调查。结果:①围绝经期妇女抑郁症状呈现率24.8%。上海本地户籍者抑郁症状呈现率22.7%,外地户籍者抑郁症状呈现率50.7%。②与围绝经期妇女抑郁症状发生有关的影响因素包括户籍、痛经程度、1年内子女长期离家、重病、感觉异常、关节肌肉痛、更年期综合征、主观支持评分、客观支持评分等。③围绝经期妇女的保健意识和知识:39.8%的围绝经期妇女不关心心理卫生保健,分别有69.5%和61.9%围绝经期妇女选择视听媒体和报刊杂志作为保健知识的主要获得途径。结论:上海市围绝经期妇女抑郁症状呈现率较高,与多种社会、心理、生物学影响因素有关,为围绝经期妇女提供心理保健应该纳入妇女保健工作内容。

Objective： To explore the current situation and effect factors of depression symptom among perimenopausal women and their psychological health demands in partial urban areas in Shanghai. Methods： General condition questionnaire, modified menopausal Kupperman assessment scale, social support rating scale （SSRS）, patient health questionnaire depression module （PHQ -9 ） and menopausal mental health care attitude and need scale were used to survey 935 women aged 45 - 59 years old who received general investigation in a community in Shanghai from December 2010 to February 2011. Results： The incidence of depression in perimenopausal women was 24. 8%. The incidences of depression in native women and floating women were 22.7% and 50. 7% , respectively. The effect factors of depression in perimenopausal women included census registration, the degree of dysmenorrhea, children leaving their home for a long time within one year, serious diseases, cacesthesia, arthralgia and myalgia, climacteric syndrome, subjective support rating, objective support rating, and so on. The consciousness and knowledge of health care in perimenopausal women ： 39.8% of the perimenopausal women did not care about mental health care, 69.5% of the perimenopausal women obtained health knowledge from media mainly, and 61.9% of the perimenopausal women obtained health knowledge from newspapers and magazines mainly. Conclusion ： The incidence of depression among perimenopausal women is high. It is associated with a variety of social, psychological and biological factors. Mental health care provided for perimenopausal women should be included in women health work.