国内PVA薄膜材料改性研究进展

Domestic Research Development of Modified PVA in Thin Film Materials

聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种性能优异、用途广泛的薄膜材料,在水溶性及可降解性等方面具有独特优点。文章对PVA的优点、特性作了简要介绍。PVA分子链上含有大量羟基,亲水性较高,在湿度较大的情况下,其阻隔性会急剧下降;PVA熔融温度和分解温度十分相近,给热塑加工带来了困难;PVA是一种可完全降解的高分子聚合物,但其薄膜生物降解周期较长;PVA用作制备亲水膜的材料,但PVA膜纯水渗透量高,其在湿态的稳定性和力学性能不佳。因此,需要对PVA进行不同的改性才能使其达到优良的性能。从PVA的耐水性和水溶性改性、热塑性加工的改性、生物降解性的改性和PVA膜渗透和稳定性改性等4方面对PVA薄膜用材料改性研究方面的进展进行了综述。

Poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） is a thin film material with excellent properties and wide applications. Because of the unique advantages of PVA in water solubility, degradability as well as other aspects, it becomes the one of hot spots of current researches. PVA molecular chains contain a large number of hydroxyl groups and have high hydrophilic properties. In the case of high humidity, barrier property of PVA reduces sharply; the melting temperature of PVA is very similar to de- composition temperature, it makes the thermoplastic processing difficuh; PVA is a fully degradable polymers, but it has long biodegradable cycle; PVA is used to prepare hydrophilic membrane materials, but it has high level of waterpermeability, leading to the properties in the wet, so PVA poor stability and mechanical need to be modified in different aspects to achieve excellent performance. In this paper the ad- vantages and characteristics of PVA are described, some modified methods and applications in water resistance and water solubility, biodegradability, thermoplastic processing, membrane permeability and stability are reviewed.