中国学前教育财政投入的问题与改革

Problems in China's Pre-School Education Finance Investment and the Reform

自上世纪50年代起,与办学体制紧密相关的中国学前教育投入体制在近60年的时间内几乎没有发生本质变化,已经成为学前教育发展的制约因素。总结学前教育财政体制的特征及其存在的问题,有助于明确学前教育财政体制改革的目标和方向,对于学前教育的发展具有重要意义。分析发现,学前教育财政在投入总量、地区差异、成本分担比例及资金分配和使用效率等方面存在诸多问题。学前教育财政体制应该进行重大改革,其思路是:明晰各级政府责任,大幅度提高投入总量;通过增加普惠性公办园、建立资助体系、发展普惠性民办园等方式促进公平并提高资金使用效率;规范收费管理体制,减少收费混乱现象。

Since the fifties of the last century, China＇s pre-school education investment system, which has been essentially associated with the school running system, has almost experienced little change, a severe problem that has become a con straint factor for the development. To summarize the characteristics and problems may avail a better understanding of the reform purpose and orientation. Analyses reveal that there exist numerous problems in the Iotal ratio of the education invest ment, regional differences, responsibility sharing proportionality of the prime costs, and the fund allotment and uses. It therefore needs significant reform of the system, and the orientation should be as follows： （i） to make clear the responsibili ties of all ranks of governments, to promote largely the total sum of investment; （it） to advance the equity by increasing the number of the public benefit kindergartens, setting up assistance system, and developing the public benefit kindergartens, and to promote the efficiency of fund uses; and （iii） to standardize the charge administration system to decrease the possibilities of disorders in the charges.