软信息·核心竞争优势与私法关系型借贷——以村镇银行为例

Soft Information,Core Competitive Edge and Private Relationship Lending

针对村镇银行的发展问题,通过引入私法关系型借贷的理论概念,论证了软信息的作用、村镇银行搜集软信息的渠道以及在中国农村社区重情轻理的人文环境下村镇银行的私法关系型借贷机制。并根据核心竞争优势的识别标准,从理论上推导出村镇银行的核心竞争优势是私法关系型借贷:首先,村镇银行这类中小型社区银行开展私法关系型借贷具有比较优势;其次,村镇银行基于软信息的私法关系型借贷业务更受中小客户青睐;最后,村镇银行的私法关系型借贷实现了范围经济。进而剖析了村镇银行没有发挥出核心竞争优势的原因:一是村镇银行自身未能发现其核心竞争优势是私法关系型借贷;二是村镇银行建立私法关系型借贷的内在动力不足;三是村镇银行发展私法关系型借贷业务的准备不足。并提出了相应的政策建议:转变理念,积极发展私法关系型借贷;加强培训,提高从业人员的专业素质;强化监管,防止从业人员的违规行为;借鉴经验,完善村镇银行私法关系型借贷机制。

In view of the development problems of banks at village and town levels,through introducing the concept of private relationship lending,the functions of soft information,the channels of banks at village and town level for collecting soft information,and the private relationship lending of banks at village and town level under Chinese rural human environment of highlighting relationship while despising rationality are proved.According to the recognition standard of core competitive edge,it can be concluded that the core competitive edge of banks at village and town level is private relationship lending.In the first place,these kinds of small and medium-sized quarter banks have competitive advantages in launching private relationship lending in the second place,the lending businesses of banks at village and town level based on soft information attracts small and medium clients;in the third place,the private relationship lending has realized the scale economy.Furthermore,the reasons why banks at village and town level can not display the core competitive edge have been analyzed：firstly,banks at village and town level have not found that private relationship lending is their core competitive edge;secondly,the internal motivation on establishing private relationship lending of banks at village and town level is insufficient;thirdly,banks at village and town level have not prepared well in developing private relationship lending;The relevant policies and countermeasures are put forward,which including transforming idea and vigorously developing private relationship lending;intensifying training and improving the quality of personnel involved;strengthening supervision and avoiding the violation behaviors of personnel involved;mirroring experiences and perfecting the private relationship lending mechanism of banks at village and town level.