影响小麦抗寒性的主要因素

Main Factors Affecting Cold Resistance in Wheat

从小麦自身特性、抗寒锻炼和抗寒剂应用3个方面,综述了影响小麦抗寒性的主要因素。结果表明,小麦的抗寒性与小麦的品种特性、形态特征、苗龄和组织类型有关。抗寒锻炼过程中,低温、光照、栽培措施,以及干旱、盐分等其他非生物逆境,对小麦的抗寒性水平产生影响。冠菌素、矮壮素、脱落酸等化学物质通过抑制小麦生长,促进抗寒锻炼来提高小麦的抗寒力,而氯化钙、氨基乙醇、不饱和脂肪酸等物质则通过提高小麦膜的稳定性,来增强小麦对低温胁迫的抵抗和适应。

The main factors that affect wheat cold resistance were reviewed in this article, including aspects of wheat characteristics, cold acclimation and cold-resister. A lot of research results showed that the wheat cold resistance was related to wheat varieties, morphological characteristics, seedling age and tissue types. During cold acclimation, temperature, light, cultivation practices, as well as drought, salinity and other abiotic stresses, impacted the level of cold resistance in wheat. Coronatine, CCC, abscisic acid and other chemicals could improve the cold hardiness of wheat, by inhibiting the growth, and promoting cold acclimation, while the calcium chloride, amino alcohol, unsaturated fatty acids and other substances could enhance the wheat resistance and adaptation to low temperature stress, by improving the membrane stability. These results had certain significance on wheat winter management and freeze disaster mitigation.