中俄原油管道沿线多年冻土环境评价方法探讨

Discussion about Assessment Method of Permafrost Environment along China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline

中俄原油管道中国段北起漠河(连崟),向南沿大兴安岭东坡和松嫩平原北部最终到大庆林源,管道全长953 km,其中漠河-乌尔其段为多年冻土区,长度441 km.沿线多年冻土,森林,沼泽湿地等环境要素相互依存,彼此影响.由于管道是长距离线性构筑物,在施工过程中对冻土环境影响较大.考虑了管道工程的特殊性和沿线的冻土环境要素资料,提出利用地表稳定性指标来评价沿线的冻土环境.根据地表扰动程度,位移量,景观改变状况,及沿线的冻土类别,年平均地温等参数,将地表稳定性分成4个等级:地表稳定型、地表较稳定型、地表不稳定型和地表极不稳定型,分别对应冻土环境良好、一般、不良和较差地段.评估结果表明,此环境评价方法简明易懂,应用方便,评价结果客观,全面,精度较高.

The China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline（CRCOP） route traverses across permafrost regions from Mohe to Wuerqi,441 km in length,where permafrost,forest and swamp are interedependency and influence each other,constituting a permafrost environment.Pipelines are long-distant and linear structures,therefore,their construction and maintenance would have appreciable influence on the permafrost environment.In this paper,the disturbance degrees to the ground surface and land situation,the engineering properties,the features of various permafrost types,the mean annual ground temperature,periglacial phenomena,and their correlations and interactive mechanisms were analyzed.A ground surface stability method for assessing permafrost environments along the CRCOP route was proposed.According to the method,the ground surfaces could be classified into four types： very stable one,stable one,unstable one and very unstable one,corresponding to good quality,fair quality,poor quality and very poor quality of permafrost environment,respectively.This assessing method is simple and characterized by appropriate,objective,comprehensively and high accuracy.