苏州古典园林古树名木的现状及生态景观分析

Current Situation of Ancient and Famous Trees and Ecological Landscapes in Classical Suzhou Gardens

针对苏州古典园林独特的地域特色与环境,认为古树名木不仅是一种生物个体或自然资源,更是历史的见证者和记忆者,具有独特的人文资源属性和价值,在此基础上对苏州古典园林古树名木的现状及其生态景观加以分析,阐释了古树名木的含义,并参照相关条例界定了古树名木的级别,以入选世界文化遗产的苏州拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄、沧浪亭、狮子林、艺圃、耦园以及怡园9个古典园林的古树名木为调查对象,在2002年相关调查数据的基础上,对古树名木进行重新调查、核实,得知古树名木较2002年减少了11株。具体介绍了白皮松、银杏、圆柏、黄杨、柘树等的栽种历史与生长状况,强调了适地适树对百年以上古老树木生长的重要性,强调园林保护工作也应重视对植物的研究工作。

Due to the unique regional characteristics and environment of classical Suzhou gardens,ancient and famous trees in these gardens are not only organisms or natural resources,but also witnesses and recorders of history,so they have unique attributes and value of humanistic resources.On this basis,current situation of ancient and famous trees as well as ecological landscapes formed by these trees in classical Suzhou gardens were analyzed,connotations of these trees were elaborated,and relevant regulations were taken to identify the grade of these trees.Ancient and famous trees in 9 classical Chinese gardens were investigated,specifically,the Humble Administrator＇s Garden,the Lingering Garden,the Master-of-Nets Garden,the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty,the Pavilion of Surging Waves,the Lion Grove Garden,the Garden of Cultivation,the Couple＇s Retreat Garden and the Garden of Pleasure.Compared with statistics obtained in 2002,the quantity of ancient and famous trees in these 9 gardens reduces by 11.History and growth state of some trees are introduced,such as Pinus bungeana Zucc.ex Endl.,Ginkgo biloba L.,Sabina chinensis（Linn.） Ant.,Buxus sinica（Rehd.Et Wils.） Cheng,Cudrania tricuspidata（Carr.） Bur.,and significance of the principle-＂right tree for right land＂ for ancient trees more than 100 years old was stressed.Moreover,it was stressed that garden protection should also devote more attention to researches on plants.