坡耕地综合治理技术模式的蓄水保土及增产效应

Effects of technology modes for sloping farm-land comprehensive control on soil water conservation and crop yield

针对松嫩平原北部丘陵漫岗黑土区严重的水土流失、春旱和耕层渍涝并存的问题,采取了垄向区田与鼠道、暗管和明沟4种措施并将其有机集成形成了4个坡耕地综合治理技术模式。于2009和2010年,以黑龙江农垦北安分局红星农场3°坡耕地为研究对象,研究了不同技术模式对大豆生育期土壤水分动态、产量、作物水分利用效率、地表径流和土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,4种技术模式均有不同程度的蓄水保土增产和提高作物水分利用效率的作用,其中鼠洞+暗管+明沟+垄向区田措施效果最为明显,与常规耕作相比产量和水分利用效率分别提高了27.3%和23.9%,地表径流量和土壤流失量分别减少了31.3mm和456t/(km2.a)。

In order to resolve ecological problems such as soil erosion,spring drought and the waterlogging of topsoil in the northern hill black soil region of the Song-nen Plain,four comprehensive technology modes composed by four measures（furrow damming,mole drain,pipe drain and surface drain） were proposed.Taking the slop farmland（3。） in Red Star Farm as the research object,a 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2009-2010 and the effects of different technology modes on dynamic variation of soil water,soybean yield,water use efficiency,surface runoff and soil erosion were studied.The results showed that four comprehensive modes had positive effects both on soil and water erosion control and water use efficiency increasing,among which the mode of SAMQ（the combination of mole drain,pipe drain,surface drain and furrow damming） was the best.Compared with the conventional tillage,SAMQ increased the yield and water use efficiency by 27.3% and 23.9% respectively,and reduced surface runoff and soil erosion by 31.3 mm and 456 t/（km2·a） respectively.