从摆动到流动：人口迁移过程中的适应

From Swinging to Mobility:Adaption in the Migration

移民已经成为缓解生态脆弱地区环境压力的重要手段。政府规划的移民工程往往以"稳得住"作为目标,希望将迁移的人口固定在新的区域,但是移民往往需要时间进行选择和调适,摆动为移民的选择和调适提供了可能。基于中国云南和青海两个移民案例的研究表明:(1)摆动可以为移民提供选择的机会;(2)摆动有助于移民适应移入地的环境;(3)摆动过程中,不管是返回或停留在移入地,他们的生产和生活都会发生变化。生态脆弱地区的人口迁移是一个长期的过程,政府的政策需要从硬性的移民规划转变为软性地支持人口流动。摆动应被看做是人口流动适应的一个重要方面,引起决策者的关注。

Migrants have become an important means to ease the environmental pressure in ecologically vulnerable areas. The migration project planned by government always aims at stability and hopes to settle down the migrants in new areas but it needs time for those migrants to choose and adapt themselves while the swing makes it possible. The study of migration cases in Yunnan and Qinghai provinces manifests that first, the swing can offer migrants an opportunity to choose; second, the swing helps migrants adapt to the new environment; third, in the swing process, their lives and production will change whether they return or stay. The migration in the ecologically vulnerable areas is a long-term process and therefore, the policies should change from hard migration design to soft support for the migration. The swing should be considered an important part of the migration and should amuse attention from policy-makers.