近代路矿关系新探:以津浦铁路与中兴煤矿为中心的考察

The Relationship between Railways and Coal-mines in Modern China: Based on Tianjin-pukou Railway and Chung-hsing Coal Mining Company

近代煤矿多分布在较为偏远的地区,煤炭能否运销出去成为各煤矿经营的关键要素。在铁路修建之前,各煤矿的运输大多依赖人力、牛车或水运等方式,路途遥远,效率低下,运费高昂,且运量有限,所费时日颇多。铁路修建之后,不仅大大便利了煤炭的运输,而且由于铁路本身是煤炭消费大户,使得路、矿关系日益密切。在此基础上,路矿之间还会衍生出其他多层次关系。这些关系建立在运输基础之上,却又远远超过运输层面。它们之间紧密相连,相互间或多或少具有连锁反应。路、矿双方之间利益错综复杂,相互让利而又彼此收利,是一种长期合作的互利互惠关系。

The coal - mines in Modern China usually scattered in the remote mountain areas, so the transportation of coal became the key factor which affected the operation of coal - mines. They had to carry the coal by labour, water, or vehicles dragged by cattles until the railways were built. These traditional ways had some disadvantages, such as low efficiency, high costs, insufficient sum and lasting time. When railways were built, the transportation of coal became convenient. Being the big consumer of coal, railways became more intimate with the coal- mines. Based on this, the relationship between railways and coal - mines became more complicated. These relationships were based on the transportation of coal, but were not confined to it. One aspect usually had a close relationship with another, and more or less had a chain reaction between them. The relationship between railways and coal- mines was so complicated that they offered and received interests each other. According to the lasting cooperation, it formed a kind of mutually beneficial interaction between them.