知识与合法性:风险社会的行政法治原理

Knowledge and Legitimacy:Theory of Rule of Administrative Law in Risk Society

现代社会是一个风险社会,作为回应,风险规制活动广泛兴起。然而,"面向未知而决策"的特点,意味着政府往往需要在知识尚不充分的情况下即采取规制行为。这导致法律对行政的约束软化:通过授予大量的裁量权和放松比例原则的要求,行政机关拥有了更多的选择空间。面对这一扩张了的行政权,可以考虑采取一种程序主义的进路,使决策建立在对已有知识充分探索和审慎考量基础上。其中,又特别需要注意妥善处理科学与民主的关系。

Nowadays society is risk society, and related risk regulation activity thrives in accordance. However, the feature of ＇decision before known＇ asks the government to take regulation actions before comprehending sufficient knowledge, which leads to soft constraint on administration, i.e. the administrative body gains too much chosen space due to more discretionary fight and loser proportionality principle. So, to solve this expanded administrative power, the measure of procedure-concerned can be taken into consideration to ensure the decision to be made based on sufficient exploration and cautious assessment of existing knowledge, especially including the proper handling the balance between science and democracy.