旅游发展能否减小城乡收入差距?——来自中国的经验证据

Can Tourism Development Reduce the Urban-rural Income Gap? ——An Empirical Evidence from China

已有的研究文献并没有系统说明旅游发展与城乡收入差距之间是否存在显著关系。文章利用中国1999～2008年分省动态面板数据的系统广义矩估计(SYS-GMM)方法对此进行了实证检验。实证结果显示,中国旅游发展能够显著减小城乡收入差距。旅游发展减小城乡收入差距的影响机制主要表现为旅游发展对农村人均实际收入具有显著正向关系,而与城镇人均实际收入之间关系则不显著,研究还发现,旅游发展对全国人均收入水平存在显著正向关系。除此之外,财政分权在旅游发展对城乡收入差距影响关系中起负调节作用;城市化在旅游发展对城乡收入差距影响关系中起正调节作用;人均收入水平在旅游发展对城乡收入差距影响关系中的负调节作用基本可以忽略。

Existing literature does not systematically explain whether there is significant relationship between tourism development and urban-rural income gap. The paper, by adopting system GMM estimation of dynamic panel data from 1999- 2008 among provinces in China, makes an empirical testing. The empirical results show that tourism development in China can significantly reduce urban-rural income gap. The influencing mechanism of tourism development reducing urban- rural income gap mainly demonstrates that tourism development has significant positive effect on rural per capita real income, but does not show significant effect on urban per capital real income. We also find that tourism development has significant positive effect on per capita income nationwide. In addition, fiscal decentralization plays a negative regulating role in the relationship between tourism development urban-rural income gap while urbanization plays a positive regulating role. The negative regulating effect of per capita income can basically be ignored in the relationship between tourism development and urban-rural income gap.