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自主学习合作学习探究学习的实质及其关系 被引量:129

Essence of and Relationship between Autonomous,Cooperative,and Exploratory Learning
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摘要 自主学习、合作学习和探究学习的实质是什么?它们之间具有怎样的关系?三种学习方式的实现有没有现实的可能?这是关系到把三者作为课程改革建设目标的大问题。系统梳理资料可知,这三种学习方式的概念是我国学者根据国际上最新学习研究进展,并与我国传统教育观相结合而提出的。关于三种学习方式的实质,则可从特征、构成要素和作用三个方面加以把握。研究发现,自主学习的核心特征为自主性,它包括监管动因、监管机制和监管评价三方面的构成要素;合作学习具有合作精神、社会互动和人际交往的特征,包括相互依赖、个体责任、面对面促进性交互、合作技巧的恰当使用等构成要素;探究性学习具有问题性、开放性和批判性的特征,包括激发兴趣、鼓励探索、引导思维、提出问题、识别资源、收集数据、分析数据、整合信息、交流观点、评估成果等要素。当今时代,人们对学习的实质有了更深入的理解:学习应该是社会交互的、具有情境性的、强调自我主动体验的过程。据此,自主、合作、探究这三种学习方式之间就必然地具有了高度的同一性,这是它们可以统一起来的内在根据。而在现实的学校教育中,知识建构共同体是把三种学习进行有机结合的很好的范例。今后,还应根据学习内容和学习对象的变化,探索出更多实现三者有机结合的学校应用模型。 There have been numerous researches on autonomous learning, cooperative learning, and exploratory learning, hut lack those concerning their relationship. The present aims at that goal from the perspectives of their natures, factors, and functions respectively. It is based on the three dimensions (content, motivation, and interaction) of learning process proposed by the Comprehensive Learning Theory, and discusses the relationship of the three ways of learning. It concludes with a discussion of the possible ways of combination of the three regarding the case of knowledge building community.
出处 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2011年第6期30-36,共7页 Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
关键词 自主学习 合作学习 探究学习 知识建构共同体 autonomous learning cooperative learning exploratory learning knowledge building community
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