焦炭塔的材料与结构

Materials and structures of coke drum

介绍了焦炭塔高温硫腐蚀的机理及其特殊性,分析了不同材料用于焦炭塔的优缺点,结合国内外焦炭塔的现状提出了设备主材、复合板复层及复层焊材的选材建议;重点介绍了低频疲劳破坏的两种现象,即塔体鼓凸变形和疲劳开裂;论述了不同的裙座顶部结构对焦炭塔低频疲劳破坏的影响,分析了裙座顶部圆弧过渡对接型式和整体锻焊结构的特点及结构设计的注意事项,并对裙座顶部、筒体、开口和保温等结构提出了改进措施。

The mechanisms and particularities of the high-temperature sulfur corrosion of the coke drum are reviewed,and the relative merits of using different materials are analyzed.Based upon the status-quo of coke drums both in China and abroad,the recommendations for material selections for the shell,cladding and weld used to join cladding of the coke drum are given.Two phenomenons of low-frequency fatigue failure,shell bulging and fatigue crack are highlighted.The impact of the top structures of the skirt on the low-frequency fatigue failure of the coke drum is described.The characteristics of the arc transition joint types on the top of the skirt and the integral forge-welding structure as well as structure design precautions are analyzed.Improvement measures for the top of skirt,cylindrical shell,nozzle and insulation are proposed.