基于地域识别的城市定位及发展模式——广东省徐闻县的实证分析

An Urban-Oriented Development Mode for Xuwen County in Guangdong Province Based on Geographic Identification

城市定位是城市发展和竞争战略的核心,发展模式是城市定位的体现和多元化的发展路径,二者通过"自构"和"被构"相互作用,推动城市发展螺旋提升,城市定位与发展模式的科学准确凸显重要。地域识别是城市定位的科学依据和逻辑起点,以其为视角分析徐闻自然地域特征与发展态势,徐闻发展现状呈现典型"十字哑铃"态势,处于发展"洼地",应以琼州海峡为切入点和突破口,体现两岸地脉相连、文脉相近、血脉相通、经济相关、发展相促的特点。从地理学综合、系统、区域差异的视角,构建圈层扇面分析模型,科学梳理徐闻县的城市定位和发展模式。研究表明:①从国际、国家、省域和区域圈层,以及环北部湾经济圈、南海北部海洋经济区、雷州半岛和海口扇面,进行圈层扇面分析,徐闻城市战略定位可以概括为,国际海峡城市,国家生态城市,滨海生态型城市、休闲宜居城市,临港工业城市、海洋经济特色城市,港口物流城市、海峡北岸旅游城市;②产业定位应结合战略定位和资源禀赋,重点发展旅游业、蓝色经济和现代农业;③相应的主要发展模式有生态旅游与海峡联动发展模式、蓝色经济与港城互动发展模式和现代农业与休闲观光一体化发展模式三种。

The urban-oriented mode is the key of urban development. A development mode is manifestation of the urban-oriented and diversified development path. The urban development generally exhibits a spiral progress. In this study, the mechanisms of development orientation and strategy for cities were analyzed. Cities that can actively increase the value chain are booming, whereas those that are not able to keep up with globalization are declining. A range of disciplines, such as geography, economics, and sociology, are systematically integrated to examine factors affecting urban development. Connotations of factors, such as location, capital, human capital, system, and culture, have been expanding in the context of globalization. Geographical identification is a scientific basis and logical starting point for the orientation of urban development. Natural geographical features and development trends of Xuwen County in Guangdong Province were analyzed in this study, with its development trend showing a typical ＂cross dumbbell shape＂. It is now in the depression of development. The Qiongzhou Strait should be taken as the breakthrough point, which reflects characteristics of territory connection, culture similarity, consanguinity linkage, economy relation, and mutual promotion due to mutual development. From the perspectives of comprehensive geography and regional differences, a circle sector analysis model was built, which was subsequently applied to determine the reasonable orientation of urban development. 1） Based on a comprehensive consideration of international, national, provincial and regional spheres, the economic zone of the Gulf of Tonkin, the marine economic zone of the north of the South China Sea, the Leizhou Peninsula, and Haikou City, a circle sector analysis was performed. The urban orientation of Xuwen can be summarized as an international strait city, national ecological city, coastal ecological city, leisure and livable city, port industrial city, marine economy city, port logistics city, and channel north shore tourist city. 2） Industry orientation should be combined with strategic orientation and natural resources, focusing primarily on the development of tourism, marine economy, and modern agriculture. 3） There are three kinds of development modes i.e., ecological tourism and strait linkage development mode, marine economy and harbor city interaction development mode, and modern agriculture and leisure sightseeing integration development mode.