劳动法执行中的“次标准”——基于2006-2010年对珠江三角洲农民工的调查

The Sub-standard in Labor Law Enforcement: Based on Migrant Workers Survey Data from 2006-2010 in Pearl River Delta

基于对中山大学社会学与社会工作系2006-2010年间关于珠三角农民工的三次大规模问卷调查数据的比较分析发现,劳动法并未能够有效保护大多数农民工的劳动权利。劳动法执行过程中已经形成了"次标准",即在劳动法规定的强制性劳动标准之外,劳动法的执行过程产生了一个资方、劳动者和政府等相关方基于默契共同遵守的标准。该标准通常低于法定劳动标准,并将违法形塑为常态和长期趋势。"次标准"是法律文本与法律实践长期分离的结果,造成这种分离的原因在于两者分别应对不同的需要,法律文本满足意识形态需要,法律实践则满足现实需要。

Based on a comparative analysis of three large sample surveys of migrant workers carried out by the Department of Sociology and Social Work of Sun Yat - sen University in the Pearl River Delta between 2006 and 2010, this paper found that labor law can＇ t protect most migrant workers＇ right effectively. The sub - standard has emerged from the enforcement process of labor law, that is, in addition to the mandatory labor standard, the implementation of labor law complies with the sub - standard based on a tacit agreement by employers, workers, governments and other stakeholders. Sub - standard is usually lower than the statutory labor standard, transforming illegal activities into norms and long- term trends. Sub - standard is the result of a long separation between the legal text and legal practice, the former is to meet the need of ideology, while the latter is to meet the need of reality.