高位池循环水养殖系统的构建及其水质调控效果

Structuring of recirculating high level ponds aquaculture system and its effects on water quality

针对高位池集约化高密度养殖环境污染、病害频发等制约产业发展的关键问题,设计开发了集筛网过滤、生化反应、泡沫分离和臭氧杀菌于一体的多功能循环水处理器和二级生物过滤器,构建了由原水砂滤系统、覆膜高位池、集污系统、水处理系统和增氧系统组成的高位池循环水养殖系统,并对该系统养殖水质调控效果进行了验证。验证试验设置了流量分别为20(T1)、40(T2)、60(T3)m3/h的试验组。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组对NH4+和NO2-都有消除效果,其中对NH4+的消除率分别为27.9%、48.7%、55.8%,对NO2-的消除率分别为26.1%、39.1%、53.9%;T2、T3系统对CODMn有一定的消除效果,消除率分别为14.1%、19.1%;只有T3对PO43-有消除效果,消除率为35.3%;系统对NO3-无消除效果;系统能有效提高溶氧,相对增氧率分别为8%、15%、18%。综合各水质指标、环境因子和养殖效果可知,T2、T3能有效调控养殖水质,但处理量适中的T2更经济适用。

To address the issues that the environmental pollution and disease-prone in intensive aquaculture of high level ponds, a recirculating high level ponds aquaculture system was developed, including source water sand filtration system, high level ponds, sewage collection system, water treatment system and the oxygen increasing system. Recycling water treatment system formed by a biological filter and a multi-processor of recycled water which have the function of filter, biochemical reaction, foam separation and sterilize with ozone. Three flow rate treatments were set by 20 m3/h （T1）, 40 ma/h （T2） and 60 m3/h （T3） in the investigate. The results showed that the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen （NH4＋） and nitrite nitrogen （NO2-） was reduced effectively in all the treatments. The removal rates of NH4＋ and NO2 in T1, T2 and T3 were 27.9%, 48.7%, 55.8% and 26.1%, 39.1%, 53.9%, respectively. However, there was no significant influence of recycling water treatment system on NO3 removal. Phosphorus （PO4^3-） also cannot be removed, except that in T3, which reduced the PO4^3- concentration by 36%. The reduction efficiency of chemical oxygen demand （COD Mn） in treatments T2 and T3 was 9% and 15%, while none reduced in treatments T1. In addition, the system increased DO by 8%, 15% and 18%, respectively. In consideration of the effects on water quality, environmental factors and other index of aquiculture, both T2 and T3 were able to improve the water quality effective, while T2 was more economical and applicable.