十字花科58属94种野生植物种子脂肪酸组分分析

Fatty Acid Analysis of the Seed Oil in a Germplasm Collection of 94 Species in 58 Genera of Brassicaceae

利用气相色谱法对十字花科58属94种野生植物种子进行了脂肪酸组分及含量测定,并对各组分进行相关性分析。结果表明,脂肪酸组分共有13个,其中含量最高的为亚麻酸、芥酸、亚油酸、油酸。各脂肪酸组分间存在着棕榈酸与硬脂酸等10对极显著正相关、亚麻酸与芥酸等11对极显著负相关、棕榈酸与亚油酸等6对显著正相关及油酸与亚麻酸等4对显著负相关关系,并且由于很多种类体现两个脂肪酸间相关关系密切程度的相关系数比较低,因此在脂肪酸含量最高或最低的19种中,有的脂肪酸对表现为部分符合或极少数符合对应的相关关系,有的甚至表现为完全不符合。同时,研究发现了符合食用油标准的高油酸(L.fendleri(A.Gray)S.Watson等)、高亚油酸(诸葛菜等)、零芥酸种质(涩芥等)、低亚麻酸(L.annua L.等)、高油酸低亚麻酸(C.hispanica L.等)、高亚油酸低芥酸(诸葛菜等)种质及具有重要工业用途的高芥酸(蔓菁等)、高亚麻酸(短柄丛菔等)种质等,为开发提供了良好的理论基础。

Fatty acid composition and their correlation with other quality traits in a germplasm collection of 94 species in 58 genuses of Brassicaceae were analyzed by the gas chromatography. The results showed that there were 13 kinds of main fatty acid components in seed oil. Their average contents were ranked from high to low as linolenic, erucic, linoleic, and oleic acids. There existed 10 pairs with extremely significant positive correlation between palmitics acid, and stearic acid, 11 pairs with extremely significant negative correlation between linolenic acid and erucic acid, 6 pairs with significant positive correlation between palmitic acid and linoleic acid, 4 pairs with, significant negative correlation between oleic acid and linolenic acid. As correlation coefficients reflecting the degree of relationship between some fatty acid pairs were relatively low, in these fatty acid pairs, only part or very few species were consistent with the corresponding relationship, or even none showed consistency with the relationship among 19 species with the highest or lowest fatty acid content. Some excellent germplasms were found with good development potentiality and application prospect, comprehensively as high oleic acid （L. fendleri （A. Gray） S. Watson, etc. ）, high linoleic acid （O. violaceus L. O. E. Schulz, etc. ） , zero erucic acid （ M. africana （Linnaeus） R. Brown, etc. ） , low linolenic acid （ L. annua L. , etc. ） , high oleic acid and low linolenic acid （ C. hispanica L. , etc. ）. High oleic acid and low erueic acid （ O. violaceus L. O. E. Schulz, etc. ） germplasms meeting the standard of edible oil and high erucic acid （ B. rapa L. , etc. ）, and high linolenic acid （S. eurycarpa （ Maxim. ） Botsch. var. brevistipes Y. C. Lan et T. Y. Cheo, etc. ） germplasms had important industrial uses. This study also laid a theoretical foundation for further exploration.