苏北地区乡村聚落的空间格局

Analysis of spatial pattern of rural settlements in northern Jiangsu

基于苏北地区2008年卫星遥感影像,通过运用空间插值、空间关联指数、空间变差函数等空间测度模型,深入分析了苏北地区乡村聚落的空间格局特征。结果表明:在空间分布上,苏北地区乡村聚落具有"南密北疏"的特征;在规模分布上,苏北地区乡村聚落表现出很强的空间自相关性,并出现高值簇的空间集聚,其主要集中于徐州、连云港和宿迁等地,总体上呈现"南低北高"的空间分布特征;在形态分布上,苏北地区乡村聚落形态的空间分布格局具有较好的连续性和稳定性。空间分异格局中的随机成份较低,而由空间自相关引起的结构化分异则较为显著。从不同方向来看,苏北地区乡村聚落形态分布表现出一定的各向异性,其中东南-西北方向的乡村聚落形态呈现出明显的阶梯状分布特征,自东南向西北,聚落形态具体表现为由带状、长矩形、矩形到方形或不规则团块状的渐进性演变。总体来看,苏北地区乡村聚落的空间格局具有明显的空间依赖性。

Based on the satellite image of northern Jiangsu in 2008, by using spatial metric models such as spatial interpolation, spatial correlation index, and semivarigram, the pa- per analyzed the spatial pattern characteristics of rural settlements in the northern Jiangsu region. Some conclusions are drawn as follows. （1） The number of rural settlements dis- tributed in the southern part is larger than that of the northern part in the northern Jiang- su region in terms of spatial distribution, espacially they are distributed most densely in central and southern parts of the region, then exhibits a stepwise decrease. （2） Scale dis- tribution of rural settlements shows a strong spatial autocorrelation, and similar areas are respectively characterized by aggregation distributions in space. The high-value clusters of rural settlement scale are distributed mainly in Xuzhou, Lianyungang, and Suqian. The scale of rural settlement distributed in the north is much larger than that of the south in northern Jiangsu in spatial distribution. （3） The shape distribution of rural settlements shows good continuity and stability, the random of the spatial differential pattern is much lower than the mechanism of the structural differentiation caused by natural correlation in space. Spatial difference of rural settlement distribution is much larger, but it shows some concentration. In terms of different orientations, spatial difference of rural settlement dis- tribution is much larger in the southeast-northwest, rural settlement distribution enve- loped from ribbon, long rectangle, and rectangle to sugariness or irregular conglomera- tion. Above all, the formation and development of rural settlements in northern Jiangsu always has strong correlation with natural conditions such as terrain and river, which is less sensitive to social economy, so the distribution of rural settlements in northern Jiang- su shows obvious spatial dependence.