某电子废弃物处理区居民健康状况调查

Health Survey of Residents in an Electronic Waste Disposal Area

[目的]了解电子废弃物处理区主要处理工艺类型与污染状况,探讨电子废弃物拆解产生的污染对拆解区居民及拆解从业者可能的健康损害。[方法]采用普查方法,选择浙江省某镇3个集中从事电子废弃物回收处理的自然村作为电子废弃物拆解A区,另选择1个从事电子废弃物拆解较少、经济状况可比的自然村作为B区,对756户共1 432人进行健康问卷调查。[结果]A区电子废弃物处理厂主要采取手工拆解工艺,对电路板、电线电缆等废弃物进行处理。A区与B区比较,15岁以上人群的疾病患病状况差异无统计学意义,而A区15岁以下儿童的贫血患病率明显较高。与无拆解史人群比较,有拆解工作史人群的高血压和冠心病患病率明显较高;而呼吸系统、神经系统和皮肤类疾病以及其他慢性疾病患病差异无统计学意义。[结论]电子废弃物污染对当地儿童健康有较大影响,对成人居民与从业者健康可能存在潜在危害。

[ Objective ] To learn the electronic waste （e-waste） disposal technology, and to explore the potential impact of e-waste on the health of recycling workers and residents in recycling area. [ Methods ] Three villages in Zhejiang province involving the business of e-waste centralized recycling and disposal were selected as site A, while another village with less the business was selected as control area （site B）. A total of 1432 residents of 756 households were interviewed face-to-face using a self- designed questionnaire. [ Results ] In site A, the most common e-waste disposal technology was hand-disassembling to dispose circuit boards, wires and cables, etc. There was no statistical difference in the disease prevalence rate of people aged 15 or older between site A and site B, but the children below 15 years old in site A were more likely to have anemia than those in site B. People with the history of e-waste disassembling had a higher rate of hypertension and coronary artery disease than those without the history. There was no statistical difference in the rate of respiratory, nervous, skin, and other chronic diseases between them. [ Conclusion ] E-waste pollution has adverse effects on the health of ehildren, and potential hazards to the adult residents and the workers exposed.