中国参与全球生产链的技术溢出效应分析

China's Participation in Global Production Chains and Its Technology Spillovers

全球生产链背景下的中国进口和外资表现出两个典型化特征:一是全部进口中中间产品占比非常高;二是在华外资企业对进口依赖程度高并且具有很强的外向型特征。这些特征影响了进口和外资这两大渠道对中国企业的技术溢出效果。本文的实证研究发现,中间产品进口对内资企业没有产生理想的技术溢出,且拉大了外资、内资企业间的技术差距;外资企业对进口依赖度越小,其技术溢出效果越好,且进口依赖度和外资数量的技术溢出效果存在正的交互作用;外资企业出口导向特征越明显,技术溢出效果越差。

In the context of the global production chain China＇s imports and FDI showed two typical characteristics.Firstly,China＇ import of intermediate products take a very high proportion in total import;Secondly,foreign invested enterprises（FIEs） in China rely heavily on import of intermediate products,and at the same time perform a strong export-oriented characteristic.Our empirical research find that spillover effects of importing intermediate products do not occurs in domestic enterprises,and the import of intermediate products increases the technology gap between foreign and domestic enterprises.The smaller dependence of FIEs on imports,the better spillover effects are,and the degree of FIEs＇ dependence on import could work together with the quantity of FDI to improve the TFP.In addition,the FIEs＇ stronger export-oriented characteristic will produce worse spillover effects.