麻纤维增强聚乙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fibre-reinforced Polyethylene Composites

通过双螺杆挤出造粒，注塑成型制备了麻纤维增强高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）复合材料，测试了复合材料的力学性能并观察其微观结构，分析了相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP—g—MAH）的用量和麻纤维的含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：PP—g—MAH的加入提高了苎麻／HDPE复合材料的力学性能，并且在PP-g-MAH含量为5％时，拉伸强度最高，提高了12％；在PP—g—MAH含量为10％时，具有最佳的抗冲击强度和拉伸断裂伸长率，分别提高了113％和125％。此外，随着麻纤维含量在0％～20％内逐渐增加，复合材料的拉伸强度随之提高，麻纤维含量为20％时提高了28％。扫描电镜（SEM）断面形态观察发现，随着相容剂含量的增加，改善了树脂基体对麻纤维的包裹，有效地增强了HDPE与麻纤维的界面粘接。

The high density polyethylene （HDPE） /ramie fibre composite was prepared by twin-screw extruder and injection molding, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite were researched. Effect of eompatiblilizer maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene （PP-g-MAH） dosage and ramie fibre content on mechanical properties of the composite was analyzed. The results show that PP-g-MAH can increase mechanical properties of the ramie/HDPE composite. When 5% PP-g-MAH is added into the composite, the tensile strength is increased by 12%; when 10%, the composite has the best impact strength and elongation at break and they are increased by 113% and 125%. On the other hand, the tensile strength of the composite can be improved by increasing the fibre content. The tensile strength can be increased by 28% when the content of fibre is 20%. SEM micrograph of the fractured surface of the composite has identified that as the compatiblilizer content increases, the interracial adhesion of the HDPE and fibre is effectively enhanced.