东江流域生态系统服务价值变化研究

Dynamic Valuation on Ecosystem Services of Dongjiang River Basin

从生态系统的类型、质量和功能的时空变化出发,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,结合市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法等方法,并在全面考虑各类型生态系统服务功能和基础数据可获得性的基础上,对东江流域的生态系统服务价值进行科学评估,揭示生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征。结果表明:2000—2008年东江流域生态系统服务总价值呈减少趋势,且除水域外,其余生态系统的单位面积生态服务价值均为2008年比2000年有所减少,说明流域生态系统的质量呈下降趋势。林地的单位面积生态服务价值2004—2008年的年均减少率大于2000—2004年,反映了流域森林资源的质量加速下降的状况;从空间上看,虽然上中游单位面积的生态系统服务价值大于下游,但上游单位面积生态系统服务价值减少得比较剧烈。

In consideration of the temporal and spatial variations of ecosystem type,service quality and function type,this paper carried out a dynamic valuation of the ecosystem services contributed by Dongjiang River Basin in the year 2000,2004 and 2008.Remote sensing and geographic information system（GIS） technology,as well as market value method,shadow project method,the opportunity cost method and some other methods were used in the evaluation process to reveal both the temporal and spatial variations of those ecosystem service values.The results showed that： 1） the ecosystem service values of Dongjiang River Basin were on the decline,figuring at from 159.526 billion yuan in 2000 to 155.662 billion yuan in 2008,while the average annual reduction rates were slowing down,counted at 0.57% from 2000 to 2004 and 0.04% from 2004 to 2008,respectively.2） Compared with the ecosystem service values of per unit area of arable land,woodland,grassland,built-up area and unused land in year 2000,the values corresponding to each of the land use type in year 2008 decreased very much,implying that the ecosystem quality of Dongjiang River Basin degraded.3） The average annual reduction rate of woodland service value per unit area from 2004 to 2008 was higher than that of from 2000 to 2004,reflecting the exceptional accelerated decline in the quality of the forest resources.4） The spatial distribution of ecosystem service value per unit area changed from higher at the upstream and midstream areas to the lower at the downstream.However,a more dramatic decrease was observed in the upstream area.