竞争生长环境对抗草甘膦转基因大豆生长和产量构成的影响

Impact of Competitive Environment on Growth and Yield Component of Glyphosate-tolerant Soybean

采用温室盆栽和大田试验条件,比较了抗草甘膦转基因大豆GTS-40-3-2和非转基因栽培大豆鹤丰8157在单一种植和混合种植环境中生长和产量构成等指标的变化。结果表明:盆栽混植后,GTS-40-3-2的主茎高度、主茎节数和主茎复叶数与单植相比均显著增加,而鹤丰8157的单株粒数、单株产量和百粒重与单植相比则显著减少;田间混植后,GTS-40-3-2的百粒重与单植相比显著增加,鹤丰8157的主茎高度、主茎节数和主茎复叶数与单植相比显著减少,单株粒数和单株产量减少程度较盆栽试验更为严重。表明混植后2种大豆存在一定的生存竞争,竞争的生长环境没有对GTS-40-3-2的生长和产量构成产生负面影响,但显著抑制了鹤丰8157的茎叶和籽粒生长,在该试验条件下,GTS-40-3-2比鹤丰8157具有更强的环境适应能力和生存竞争优势,证明非草甘膦选择压下GTS-40-3-2具有一定的栽培价值。

In pot and field experiments,the growth（plant height,number of stem nodes and compound leaves）and yield component（number of effective pods and seeds per plant,yield per plant,and 100-seed weight）of transgenic glyphosate-tolerant soybean GTS-40-3-2 and non-transgenic cultivated soybean Hefeng 8157 cropped in single or mixed pattern were investigated.The result indicated that there were obvious increase in the plant height and number of nodes and leaves of GTS-40-3-2 which cultivated mixed with Hefeng 8157 in the greenhouse,but the seeds number and yield per plant,and 100-seed weight of Hefeng 8157 in the mixed condition were significantly less than that in the single one.In the field,the mixed planting pattern enhanced the 100-seed weight of GTS-40-3-2,and restrained not only growth including yield plant height and number of nodes and leaves but also yield component including seeds number and yield per plant of Hefeng 8157.Moreover,the yield component of Hefeng 8157 cropped with GTS-40-3-2 was inhibited more seriously in the field than greenhouse.It was shown that there were some survival competitions in GTS-40-3-2 and Hefeng 8157 when they were mixed cultivated,and the competitive environment did not injure the growth and yield conponent of GTS-40-3-2 but depressed remarkably the leaf growth and seed production of Hefeng 8157.Therefore,it was concluded that GTS-40-3-2 was superior to Hefeng 8157 in adaptability and survivability in the experimental conditions,so GTS-40-3-2 could be cultivable when glyphosate selective pressure was absent.