不同机械伤对苹果果实贮藏效果的影响

Effect of different mechanical damages on storage result of apple

【目的】研究不同机械伤处理对果实的损伤程度差异及其对果实贮藏生理的影响。【方法】以红富士苹果为试材,对果实进行挤压(加压速率1mm/min)、振动(设2.5和3.3Hz 2个频率)及跌落(设60和80cm 2个高度)处理,以不经机械伤处理的果实为对照,处理后贮藏2个月,比较不同处理果实的损伤程度及贮藏过程中果实的呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率、硬度、可滴定酸和Vc含量。【结果】1)跌落处理对苹果果实的损伤程度较大,挤压和振动处理损伤程度较小;跌落处理与挤压和振动处理间有极显著差异(P<0.01),而挤压与振动处理间无显著差异;80与60cm跌落处理间有极显著差异(P<0.01),3.3与2.5Hz振动处理间无显著差异。2)机械伤处理能明显提高苹果果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率,其中在试验末期以跌落处理果实的峰值较大,而挤压和振动处理果实的峰值较小。3)80cm跌落、挤压和3.3Hz振动处理对果实的硬度、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量影响较大,而60cm跌落和2.5Hz振动处理的影响较小,前三者与后两者之间有极显著差异(P<0.01)。【结论】不同机械伤对果实的影响存在差异,在机械伤类型不明确的情况下,通过直接观测果实的损伤程度不能预测其耐贮性。

【Objective】Effect of mechanical injury on damages and changes of storage physiology of apple fruit was studied.【 Method 】‘Red Fuji’ apple,the test material,was treated by compressing（1 mm/min）,vibrating（2.5and 3.3Hz） and dropping（60and 80cm height） respectively,with the perfect fruit as the control.Damage by treatments was compared,and the respiration intensity,ethylene release rate,firmness,titratable acid content and Vc content were investigated during the 2month storage.【Result】1） Dropping made a bigger damage to apple fruit,while compressing and vibrating made a smaller one.There were a significant difference between dropping damage and the other two treatments（P〈0.01）,but no difference between compressing damage and vibrating damage.There was a significant difference between 80cm dropping damage and 60cm dropping damage（P〈0.01）,but no difference between 3.3 Hz vibrating damage and 2.5Hz vibrating damage.2） Mechanical damage made an obvious increase of respiratory intensity and ethylene release rate of fruit at the later period of storage.Dropping was higher than compressing and vibrating.3） 80cm dropping,compressing and 3.3Hz vibrating produced more effects on fruit＇s strorage quality than 60cm dropping and 2.5 Hz vibrating,making significant differences（P〈0.01）.【Conclusion】The effect on apple by different mechanical damages was different.With no clear consciousness of type of mechanical damage,the storability of apple couldn＇t be forecast by extent of damage.