大学生心理需求及其满足与网络成瘾的关系

The Relationship of Psychological Needs and Need Gratification With Internet Addiction Among College Students

以武汉地区1183名大学生为被试,通过问卷调查探讨大学生心理需求程度及其在现实和网络中的满足程度与网络成瘾的关系。结果表明:与非网络成瘾大学生相比,网络成瘾大学生的心理需求的网络满足更高而现实满足更低,但两组大学生的心理需求程度并无明显差异;网络成瘾大学生的心理需求与网络满足的相关高于与现实满足的相关,但非成瘾大学生不存在这种差异;心理需求现实满足高但网络满足低的大学生网络成瘾的比率最低,而心理需求现实满足低网络满足高的大学生网络成瘾的比率最高。

Need is the inner drive of human behaviors and actions. Although a few researchers have found that several needs （success, interpersonal communication, etc.） are related to Internet Addiction, there are still many people with the same needs who are not addicted to the Internet. Therefore, there must be some other variables influencing the relationship between psychological needs and Internet Addiction. Through a pilot study of interviewing Internet-addicted college students, we presented two concepts— reality-gratification and internet-gratification to be used to deeply explore the relationship between psychological needs and Internet addiction in this study. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among Internet addiction, psychological needs, and need gratifications both in reality and on the Internet. 1183 college students were selected to complete two questionnaires, including Psychological Needs and Gratification Scale for College Students and Young’s Internet Addiction Scale. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between needs, reality-need gratifications and Internet-need gratifications; MANOVA was used to testify the differences between Internet addicts and non-addicts in needs and need gratifications; the Chi-square test was used to explore the difference in Internet addiction rate among several subject groups. The results revealed that （1） There were few differences in needs between Internet addicts and non-addicts; however, there were a lot of differences in need gratifications between the two groups： the needs of Internet addicts were significantly more satisfied on the Internet than non-addicts, especially in terms of power need, meeting challenge need, social need, and avoiding reality need, while the needs of non-addicts were significantly more satisfied in reality than addicts, especially in terms of identity need, meeting challenge need, social need, cognition need and achievement need; （2） the needs of non-addicts were in significant positive correlations with both reality gratification and Internet gratification, but in stronger correlations with reality gratification; however, the needs of Internet addicts were in more significant correlations with Internet gratification while in few correlations with reality gratification; （3） college students with low reality gratification but high Internet gratification of psychological needs were most prone to Internet addiction. In conclusion, the study shows a significant Internet compensation effect of psychological needs in Internet addicts and it is probably not need but need gratification which leads to Internet addiction. Therefore, psychotherapists should pay close attention to their psychological needs and gratifications when dealing with Internet-addicted college students.