美国关于危险废物泄漏治理责任的法律规定

Liability for the Treatment of Hazardous Waste Releases in the United States

美国是危险废物生产大国 ,也是危险废物泄漏较多的国家 ,《综合环境反应 ,赔偿和责任法》对危险废物泄漏治理费用承担作了比较具体的规定。为对泄漏作出紧急反应 ,建立了“超级基金”。但这并不意味治理费用由超级基金承担。该法规定了广泛的责任主体 ,由其承担严格责任和连带责任 ,并必须具有经济担保以确保支付能力。禁止以协议的形式转移责任 ,但并不禁止转让协议的签订。法院判例在审理有关泄漏案件中 ,还确立了承继者责任原则和贷款责任原则。

The United States is a main country of hazardous waste production as well as of more hazardous waste releases. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act provides the liability for hazardous waste releases. The Super Fund is established for emergency response to the releases. But it doesn't mean that the Super Fund would pay the treatment of the releases. The Act stipulates the extensive subjects of liability, which is the strict liability and joint liability. The subjects should be insured in order to pay the treatment cost.