农村集中式供水设施供水率及其影响因素分析

Water Supplying Ratio and Influencing Factors Analysis for Centralized Water Plants in China Rural Area

目的调查农村集中式供水设施供水率现状水平并分析其可能影响因素,为优化农村供水工程设计和运行提供依据。方法于2007—2008年调查我国东、中、西部8省区的1 324座农村水厂的设计、运行和管理情况,进行描述性分析和相关性分析。结果约93%的农村集中式供水工程日供水规模小于1 000 m3/d,水厂供水率中位数为65.81%;东部省份水厂供水率高于中西部省区;82.18%的水厂现状受益人口未达到设计水平,平均低于设计水平的34.61%;供水率与现状受益人口/设计受益人口比值呈显著正相关关系(r=0.581,P<0.01)。结论农村水厂以小型水厂为主,约60%的调查水厂供水规模在20～200 m3/d;水厂现状受益人口与设计水平存在较大差异,提示水厂设计受益人口数应考虑经济社会影响;受益人口数和运行年限是水厂供水率的主要影响因素。

Objective To investigate the current water supplying ratio for rural centralized water supply facilities and the possible influencing factors for optimizing design and operation for rural water plants. Methods Descriptive and relativity analysis were employed for the data collected from 1 324 rural water facilities in east, middle and west part of China. Results The water supply scale of approximately 93% of the investigated rural water plants was less than 1 000 m3/d, and the median of water supplying ration was 65.81%; The water supplying ratio of the water plants in eastern provinces was higher than that in middle and western provinces; The current beneficiary number of 82.18% rural water plants did not achieve the designed level, which was less than the designed level by 34.61% averagely; Water supplying ratio was positive correlated to the ration of current and designed beneficiary（r=0.581 ,P〈0.01）. Conclusion The water supply scale for about 60% of the investigated water supply plants was in the range of 20-200 m3/d; There was obvious difference between current and designed beneficiary number, which demonstrates that economic and social influences should be included in design process of rural water beneficiary; The beneficiary number and the period of operation are the main factors that influenced water supplying ratio for rural water plants.