在“耳目”与“蠹贼”之间——从《南部档案》看清季南部县乡约的废除

Between the "Spy" and the "Social Vermin"——Abolition of Xiangyue System Centering on the Archives of Nanbu County of Sichuan Province in the Late Qing Dynasty

乡约作为官府的"耳目",发挥了"辅政补治"的作用,在传统农业社会扮演了上以承办官府公务,下以理息民间是非的联系角色。宣统初,因乡约赵宗清在贾南山案中作证激怒了知县,侯昌镇愤怒之下遂将该县乡约当作"蠹贼"全部禁革。尽管此案是导致废除乡约的直接原因。但从深层分析,乡约的官役化及其职能被保甲长取代才是被废除的根源。

Xiangyue（乡约） as the ＂spy＂ to the local magistrates assisted the local government in governmental af- fairs by the undertaking the work assigned by local government and settling civil disputes. At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Xuantong, enraged by Zhao Zong-qing＇s exceeding his authority as a Xiangyue to give testimony in Jia Nan-shan ease, the local magistrate Hou Chang-zhen dismissed Xiangyue as the＂soeial vermins＂ and re-moved all of the Xiangyue in the county. Although the case is seen as a catalyst for the abolition of Xiangyue sys-tem, the underlying reason, as revealed in the analysis, is that the officialization and functions of Xiangyue are su-pereeded by the security units system.