中药鉴定学新技术新方法研究进展

Advances of studies on new technology and method for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials

作者对近20年中药鉴定学研究和应用的新技术、新方法进行了综述,介绍和评述了每种技术或方法的原理、特点、应用实例及发展方向,探讨了现有新技术在鉴定中的客观性和准确性。DNA条形码技术鉴定能力较强,在鉴定没有背景信息的中药样品及在方法通用性和可数字化方面具有优势,应用前景广阔。光谱鉴定具有指纹特征性,在中药材及饮片的质量管理和鉴定中具有一定的实用性。显微鉴定新技术、色谱鉴定、特定引物PCR标记鉴定、生物效应鉴定、DNA芯片以及仿生技术等其他技术在特定中药鉴定中将发挥重要作用。

In this review,the authors summarized the new technologies and methods for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials,including molecular identification,chemical identification,morphological identification,microscopic identification and identification based on biological effects.The authors introduced the principle,characteristics,application and prospect on each new technology or method and compared their advantages and disadvantages.In general,new methods make the result more objective and accurate.DNA barcoding technique and spectroscopy identification have their owner obvious strongpoint in universality and digitalization.In the near future,the two techniques are promising to be the main trend for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials.The identification techniques based on microscopy,liquid chromatography,PCR,biological effects and DNA chip will be indispensable supplements.However,the bionic identification technology is just placed in the developing stage at present.