转基因大豆检测技术研究进展

Progresses in detection technologies for transgenic soybean

基因工程技术的发展使转基因作物及其产品越来越多地进入人们的生活,转基因产品安全性在世界范围内引起广泛关注,对转基因检测技术的要求也越来越高。随着转基因作物品种的不断增加,现有的常规转基因检测方法已不能满足快速、灵敏、高通量及准确定量的要求,进而对转基因检测技术提出了更高的要求。文章通过对转基因作物蛋白质和核酸检测技术的研究进展进行综述,重点介绍ELISA、PCR和基因芯片技术在转基因大豆检测中的最新应用情况,并对不同方法的优缺点进行比较。近年来,蛋白质组学、生物分子互作及近红外光谱分析等新技术在转基因检测中逐渐兴起应用,其中质谱技术和同位素标记技术是今后转基因检测技术发展的方向;由于多重连接探针扩增(Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification,MLPA)技术可在单一反应管内同时检测多种转基因成分,实现了高通量转基因检测的目的,提高了转基因检测效率,今后需加强其在转基因大豆检测中的研究与应用。

Transgenic crops are spreading more rapidly than any other agricultural technology in history,suggesting that farmers perceive important advantages in growing them.However,the potential ecological risks and the impact of transgenic products on human health attracted worldwide attention in recent time.Transgenic products are continuously increasing and the existing detection technologies could not meet the demand of rapid,sensitive and highly accurate quantitative detection system.The advances in protein and nucleic acid detection technologies for transgenic soybean were summarized in the paper.The studies are focusing on the protein and nucleic acid detection technologies,such as research on ELISA,PCR and gene chip technology,and their characteristic features have been compared.In recent years,proteomics,biomolecule interaction and near infrared spectrum（NIR） technologies are being applied in transgenic detection.Mass-spectrometry technique and isotope tagging techniques seems to be futuristic technologies.The multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification（MLPA） can detect multiple transgenic components in a reaction tube,meanwhile,it enhances the transgenic detection efficiency,and needs to be strengthened to study and apply in detecting transgenic soybean.