农家肥不同施用方式对烟草生长及烤烟品质的影响

Effect of farmyard manure application methods on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco

【目的】探索烟草生产中农家肥合理的施用方式,为烟草施肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验,根据不同施肥方式设条施(施肥沟宽5～8cm,深18～20cm)、穴施(施肥穴直径为15cm,深18～20cm)、双条施(施肥单沟宽5～8cm,两沟相隔15～18cm,深15～18cm)和撒施(翻耕前将肥料均匀撒入)4个处理,测定烟株农艺性状及烟叶化学成分,并对原烟进行品质鉴定和评吸分级。【结果】双条施处理团棵期前大田烟株生长发育较好,株高相对较高,打顶及打顶后中部和上部叶片的单叶叶面积最大,烟叶的开片总体效果最好;双条施处理烟叶的化学成分协调性、感官质量较好,中、上等烟比例最高,为91.8%;条施处理产量与产值均为最高,分别为2383.05kg/ha和28834.91元/ha,双条施处理次之,产量与产值分别为2292.45kg/ha和27967.89元/ha。【结论】双条施方式处理最有利于促进烟株的生长发育及提高烤后烟叶品质。

[Objective]Reasonable farmyard manure application methods were explored to enhance the growth and productivity of tobacco plants.[Method]Four different application methods,viz.,single furrow fertilization（furrow width in 5-8 cm and depth in 18-20 cm）,hole fertilization（hole diameter 15 cm,depth in 18-20 cm）,double furrow fertilization and broadcasting fertilization before plowing,were utilized in field to investigate agronomic characters and chemical components of tobacco plants,and the raw tobacco quality was evaluated and graded.[Result]In double furrow fertilization method,tobacco plants grew pretty well with relatively high plant height before the rosette stage and the middle and top leaves were the biggest and best after topping.Double furrow fertilization recorded relatively good chemical components,sensory quality,and above-average tobacco leaves（91.8%）.Single furrow fertilization method showed the highest yield and output value as 2383.05 kg/ha and 28834.91 Yuan/ha,respectively.The double furrow fertilization method recorded leaf yield and output value as 2292.45 kg/ha and 27967.89 Yuan /ha,respectively.[Conclusion]It is concluded that double furrow fertilization method was suitable and best for accelerating tobacco growth and enhancing flue-cured tobacco quality.