我国国家历史文化名城空间格局及时空演变研究

Spatial Pattern and Spatiotemporal Evolution of China's National Historic Cities

基于地理信息系统空间分析技术,从微观、中观、宏观三个尺度对我国国家历史文化名城的地域分布差异和发展演变特征进行分析探讨,结果表明:在微观的市县级范围内,县级及以下名城的分布相对分散,地级及以上名城在我国东部和中部县市相对集中;在中观的省域范围内,1982年以来的一、二、三批名城在省域覆盖范围内具有较为明显的东南部、北部、中西部重心格局演变的特征;从全国范围来看,国家历史文化名城空间上总体表现为由东到西数量递减的非均衡分布特征,时空演变总体表现为由大中城市向中小城市,由中心城市、中部城市向边缘城市、地域特色城市,由直辖城市、省会城市向地级城市、县级城市、甚至城市的一个行政区扩展的特征。国家历史文化名城的批复发展在考虑各尺度区域范围内的等级差异和不均衡分布的基础上走向了科学化、细致化。

With GIS method and the concept of spatial scale and regional difference in human geography, the paper first analyzes the spatial distribution and disparity of national historic cities, and then studies the characteristics of its evolution with micro, medium and macro scale. The conclusions show that the spatial distribution of national historic cities at a county level is more uneven than at a city level. The number of national historic cities with county-level is few, and their distribution is dispersed. Meanwhile, the paper explores that the national historic cities at city level are concentrated in the central and eastern of China, and are gradually forming a high-density region. In provincial level, the number, density, and covered area of the national historic cities and its proportion to the total area are greatly different in geographical space. The three batches of national historic cities approved since 1982 separately show their cores in southeastern, northern, central and western China. Seeing from the spatiotemporal evolution in the nationwide, the national historic cities are unbalance distribution and its number has decreased obviously from eastern China to western China. And the spatiotemporal evolution demonstrates the national historic cities are expanded from large and medium size cities to medium and small-size cities, from central cities, middle cities to edge cities, border cities and the cities with significant regional characteristics, from the municipality directly under the Central Government, the provincial capitals to the prefecture-level cities and the county-level cities, and even to a district of a city. The approval and development of national historic cities are approaching scientific and detailed-oriented direction with the consideration of unbalanced distribution in regional and different scale.