渣油加氢工艺及工程技术探讨

A DISCUSSION ON RESIDUE HYDROGENATION PROCESS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

简要介绍固定床、沸腾床、移动床和浆态床四大类型渣油加氢技术的现状、发展趋势、工程化研究以及渣油加氢与渣油催化裂化组合工艺研究等。固定床加氢技术最成熟,发展最快,装置最多;沸腾床和移动床加氢技术日益成熟,不断得到推广应用;浆态床加氢技术完成了工业试验,目前处于工业示范阶段。根据对原料油的适应性、工艺特点、产品及反应条件的要求,提出四种渣油加氢工艺的选择方案。此外,不同类型的渣油加氢工艺以及加氢与催化裂化等重油加工技术的灵活组合,在重质、劣质油加工方面也将发挥更大作用。

The present status,developing trend and engineering research of four dominating residue hydrogenation technologies including fixed bed,ebullated bed,moving bed and slurry bed are presented briefly in this paper,as well as research on the combined process of residue hydrogenation and catalytic cracking.Among these four,fixed bed hydrogenation technology is the most mature,fast developing and being widely use one;ebullated bed and moving bed hydrogenation technologies are becoming mature and popular;as to slurry bed hydrogenation technology,it has completed its commercial trial and in the stage of industrial demonstration.Based on the process characteristics,adoptability to feedstock,requirements of products and operating conditions,some selections of processing schemes from these four hydrogenation technologies are proposed.Besides,to process heavy inferior feedstocks economically,more attention should be paid on the flexible combination of various residue hydrogenation technologies,integrated processes of residue hydrogenation with catalytic cracking and so on in the coming future.