民营经济的金融困境与融资次序

Financial Difficulties and Financing Sequences of Private Economy

民营经济的发展对中国的渐进改革与经济增长至关重要 ,但近年来却面临着严重的金融困境。作为渐进改革的一种内生现象 ,民营经济的金融困境源于国有金融体制对国有企业的金融支持和国有企业对这种支持的刚性依赖。民营经济一时无法在国家控制的金融体制中寻求到金融支持 ,其要害在于 ,它与国有金融体制处于不同的信用联系之中。国有银行向国有经济提供信贷的纵向信用逻辑也就不能套用于民营经济。从理论上讲 ,依托于国有银行的纵向金融支持固然可以实现民营经济的短期增长 ,但却要以损害其长期增长机制尤其是资本结构为代价 ,并由此影响整个经济的民营化与市场化进程。本文认为 ,解除民营经济金融困境的根本出路既不在于改变国有银行的信贷行为与资金投向 ,也不在于由政府出面发育多少外生性的中小金融机构 ,更不在于给其提供进入股票市场的方便 ,而在于营造内生性金融制度成长的外部环境 ;只有内生性金融制度的存在和发展才不至于损害民营经济可贵的内源融资基础。

Private economy,whose development has played an important role in China's gradual reform and economic growth,is in a difficult financial position in recent years.As an endogenous element in the reform,private economy is doomed to get no financial backing from the state congtrolled financial system without harming its capital structure.This essay argues that the way out of the position for private economy is not to change the state owned banks' credit behavior or to set up many medium and small sized exogenous financial institutions by government or to facilitate its access to stock market.The key is to create a climate fit for the development of an endogenous financial system.Only under such a system the internal financing mechanism of private economy will not be harmed.