城市典型废弃物循环利用体系建设——日本的实践与启示

City Typical Waste Recycling System Construction——Japan's Practice and Enlightenment

日本是循环经济管理理念和发展水平较为领先的国家之一,也是我国发展循环经济的一个重要借鉴和国际合作对象。文章从立法、全流程管理、分类管理和市场机制四个方面,系统而扼要地介绍了日本建设城市典型废弃物循环利用体系的主要做法和成效,包括:逐步推进建立和完善废弃物循环利用法律体系;结合责任分担制和延伸生产者责任制,实施全流程链条式管理;针对性地建立废弃物循环利用体系和处理方法,实现资源效用最大化;政府立法和规划引导,逐步形成以市场机制为主的废弃物循环利用体系。在此基础上,文章有针对性地提出了建立和完善我国城市典型废弃物循环利用体系的若干启示和建议,主要包括:理顺管理体制、完善现有体系、加大薄弱环节工作力度和调动利益相关者积极性四方面。

Japan, one of the leading countries on the management concept and development of circular economy, is an important reference and international partner in China＇s development of its circular economy. From four aspects of legislative, the whole process management, category management and market mechanisms, the article briefly describes the practices and the effectiveness of recycling system of typical urban wastes in Japan, including gradually improvement of waste recycling law system, the implementation of the whole process chain management based on burden-sharing system and extended producer responsibility, establishment of different waste processing method, and gradually transition to a waste recycling system based on market mechanisms. Then the paper summaries its main features and experiences, and puts forward several suggestions on the establishment and improvement of urban waste recycling system in China, including to improve the management structure, to improve the existing recycling system, to increase efforts against weak links, and to promote all stakeholder＇s participation.