新生儿颅内出血的危险因素及预防措施分析

Analysis on the risk factors and preventive measures for neonatal intracranial hemorrhage

目的探讨引起新生儿颅内出血的危险因素及预防措施。方法选择2006年1月至2010年12月在本院出生的138例颅内出血新生儿，对颅内出血的病因进行回顾性分析，并选择同期在本院出生的140例正常新生儿进行对照研究。结果278例新生儿中，早产儿颅内出血发生率为67．3％，窒息率为69．8％；母亲因素中高龄为66．7％，妊高症为70．0％，贫血为59．6％，急产为66．7％；脐带绕颈为60．8％，羊水异常为64．7％。结论新生儿颅内出血的危险因素包括早产、窒息、母亲因素、脐带绕颈、羊水异常等，早产、窒息和母亲因素是其主要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the risk factors and preventive measures in neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. Methods 138 cases of newborns with intracranial hemorrhage were chosen in our hospital from January 2006 to Decem- ber 2010, the cause of intracerebral hemorrhage was retrospectively analyzed, in the same period, 140 newborns of normal childbirth without intracerebral hemorrhage were chosen as control group, which were compared to experiment group. Results 278 newborns were compared factors of incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage, incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage of premature was 67.3%, asphyxia was 69.8%; in mother factors, advanced age was 66.7%, hypertension during pregnancy was 70.0%, anemia was 59.6%, precipitate labor was 66.7%; cord around neck was 60.8%, abnormality in amniotic fluid was 64.7%, there was a statistical significant difference（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Risk factors of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage are premature, asphyxia, mother factors, cord around neck, abnormality in amniotic fluid and so on, premature, asphyxia and mother factors are main risk factors.