山葡萄“双优”脱毒技术与遗传稳定性和生产性能的研究

Study on technology of virus-free and inheritance stability and production performance of wild grape "Shuang You

1991～1998年，采用热处理（变温38～22℃）进行“双优”茎尖扇叶和卷叶病毒脱毒试验，定植茎尖继代（6～7代）脱毒苗建园，对其遗传稳定性和生产性能观察结果表明：1．0～2．0mm的茎尖脱毒率达68．75％，并易分生和继代培养。“双优”组培树与同品种的扦插树相比较，无论在树形、叶形、果实形态、品质（酒质）、抗寒性等均未出现明显变异。脱毒的组培树抗霜霉病，群体无性系生长一致，平均增产30．67％。脱毒的“双优”组培树具有稳定的遗传性状和生产性能。

During 1991～1998, heat treatment (temperature at 38～22℃) was applied to the experiment of tip culture of grape 'Shuang You' for free of fanvirus and leafroll virus. the cultured plant of step 6～7 generations were transplanted to field. The result of observation on inheritance stability and production performance indicated: The virusfree rate of tip culture at 1.0～2.0mm reached 68.75% and the tip was easy to differentiate and to be cultured in step generations. The comparison of grapevine shape, leaf, berry, wine quality ,cold resistance etc between grapevine from tip culture and cutting culture showed no clear difference, the grapevine from tip culture has Downy Mildew resistance and grew in step, the inheritance and production performance was stable, the average yield increased by 30.67%.