权力的资源与运用：兼论中国外交的权力战略

Power Resources and Applications:A Study of China's Power Strategy

学界对权力是资源还是资源运用这个问题一直存在争论,这也是权力概念的模糊性所在。对权力的重新分类可以依据"资源"与"运用"的双重角度进行,权力可分为软性软权力、硬性软权力、软性硬权力和硬性硬权力四大类。以此为框架,作者分析了中国的权力资源、权力运用方式以及权力运用目的。通过与美国和欧盟的比较分析,作者认为,美国的权力战略是"全能-美国至上"型,欧盟的权力战略是"全能-后主权"型,中国的权力战略则为"吸引-防御"型。在权力资源相对有限的情况下,中国的权力战略重视吸引而少强制,重视防御而少塑造。中国的权力战略的继续改进表现在五个方面:优先发挥软性经济硬权力、重点提升软性软权力、逐步拓展软性军事硬权力、适度发展硬性硬权力和硬性软权力、继续秉持权力的对外防御功能并逐步扩大权力的对外塑造功能。

The debate whether power is a kind of resources or an application of resources shows the complexities of the concept of power.By combining both perspectives,the authors argue that it is possible to develop a new categorization of power:soft power,soft hard power,hard soft power and hard power.Compared with the US and the European Union,the authors argue that if the American power strategy could be seen as 'omnidirectional American primacy' and EU 'omnidirectional post-sovereignty',China's power strategy at the moment is best described as an 'attraction-defense' one.With relatively limited tangible and intangible power resources,China relies more on attraction than coercion,and focuses more on defense rather than shaping.Finally,the authors propose to improve China's power strategy by prioritizing soft hard economy power,upgrading soft power,extending military soft hard power,moderately developing hard power and hard soft power,and expanding its shaping function while maintaining the central role of its defensive function.